Kinds of Anemia

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Kinds of Anemia

There are more than 400 kinds of anemia. All kinds of anemia can be classified differently. It is required to understand the symptoms and prevent it. Classifications are as follow-

1. Morphological classification: Kinds of Anemia based on absolute value:

1)  Microcytic hypocromic: MCV, MCH are MCHC are reduced in these kinds of Anemia. Following kinds of anemia or condition are included in this classification-

• Iron deficiencyanemia
• Thalassemia
• Sideroblastic
• Anemia of chronic disease (some cases)
• Hemoglobinopathies
• Lead poisoning

2)  Normocytic normochromic: MCV, MCH, MCHC are normal but RBC and hemoglobin count is reduced in these kinds of Anemia. Following kinds of anemia are included in this classification-

• Acute hemorrhagic
• Apastic
• Hemolytic (except thalassemia and some other Hb disorders)
• Renal disease
• Bone marrow failure (e. g. post chemotherapy, infiltration by carcinoma etc)

3)  Macrocytic:MCV and MCH are increased, but MCHC is normal in these kinds of anemia. Following kinds of anemia are included in this classification-

                                      i. Megaloblastic- due to vitamin B-12 and folic acid deficiency

                                     ii. Non-megaloblastic- e. g liver disease, alcohol

2. Etiological classification: Following kinds of anemia are included in this classification-

1)  Hemorrhagic or Blood loss:

                                     i. Acute hemorrhage:

• Accidental trauma
• Surgical operation

                                    ii. Chronic hemorrhage:

• GIT lesion: Hook warm infestation, Peptic ulcer disease, Bleeding piles, heamorrhoids etc.
• Gynaecological disturbance: Menohagia

2)  Hemolytic:It is due to excess RBC destruction.

                                   i. Hereditary- e.g. Thalassemia, Sickle cell

                                  ii. Acquired- e.g. Hemolytic disease of newborn, Incompatible blood transfusion, Malaria etc.

3)  Dyshemopoietic:

                                     i. Due to deficiency of essential elements of erythropoiesis:

• Iron deficiencyanemia
• Megaloblastic due to both vitamin B-12 and folic acid deficiency
• Anemia of pregnancy
• Nutritional Anemia in protein-energy malnutrition or with scurvy (due to deficiency of vitamin C)

                                     ii. Due to Bone marrow disturbance:

• Aplastic
• Anemia with renal failure or endocrine disorders
• Sideroblastic

3. Clinical Classification:

1)      Mild: When Hb =12 to 9 gm/dl

2)      Moderate: When Hb = 9 to 6 gm/dl

3)      Severe: When Hb = Less than 6 gm/dl

Kinds of Anemia's which are the most common

1. Iron deficiency anemia
2. Pernicious
3. Aplastic
4. Sickle Cell
5. Blood loss