West Nile Virus Diagnosis, Prognosis, Complications

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West Nile Virus Diagnosis, Prognosis, Complications

West Nile Virus Diagnosis

Doctor will listen to your description of symptoms and perform a physical exam. But, there may be no specific findings on a physical examination. Because signs of West Nile virus (WNV)infection are similar to those of other viral infections. He or she will want to know when you were bitten by a mosquito. He or she will also think whether it's mosquito season and whether he or she has seen other cases of West Nile virus infection recently. If you are from a non-endemic country or area, doctor may ask your traveling history. (See also- How Do You Get West Nile Virus)

Test may require if patient has severe symptoms of West Nile virus. Doctor may suggest a DNA test called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or viral culture of fluid around the spinal cord or a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) to confirm the diagnosis. It helps exclude dengue fever, equine encephalitis, and other infections from West Nile encephalitis. Other test are- complete blood count (CBC), head CT scan, electroencephalography (EEG), head MRI scan, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing.

West Nile Virus Prognosis

Prognosis of West Nile virus depends on the severity of the illness. A mild West Nile virus infection recovers fully and there is no permanent disability or adverse side-effects. Usually symptoms resolve within a few days or weeks of manifestation. But, in severe cases of West Nile virus infection, prognosis is not good. In this case symptoms of West Nile virus may last for weeks to months and may cause permanent muscle weakness or severe brain damage. It may also be life-threatening. The elderly are most at risk for death.

West Nile Virus Complications

Mild West Nile virus infection causes no complication usually. But severe West Nile virusinfection causes complications such as:

• Severe and permanent neurological damage
• Permanent muscle weakness or acute flaccid paralysis, similar to poliomyelitis
• Death (about 10%-12% of people with West Nile encephalitis)